Tuesday, October 07, 2014

Ruth and Naomi, Part I: The Gap Between Expectations and Reality

This three-part talk was put together for the Fall 2014 retreat at Church of the Resurrection. Each of the three narratives was followed by testimonies from women in the church, and they came together to proclaim the Lord's faithfulness in suffering and pain. Sources included Paul Miller's  A Loving Life and Carolyn Custis James' The Gospel of Ruth: Loving God Enough to Break the Rules. Credit also to the women of Rez, my pastor, my parents, and my roommate for their input and critique.

We are all born with expectations and are raised into them. In our families, the stories of our parents-- their lives, their goals, their dreams-- shape the kind of people we expect to be. In our communities and churches, we learn what adulthood looks like, so we expect those things in our future. Consciously or unconsciously, something pervades our cultural experience and shapes our expectations: Surely our bodies will be healthy and strong; how could it be otherwise? Some day, I’ll buy my own house with a yard, or a charming flat in the city. I’ll be admitted to a certain college or law school, get an internship that will lead to the kind of job I’ve wanted. I’ll travel the world and have grand adventures. My future holds a husband, or a PhD, or both. My parents will grow old together, and die peacefully in their sleep. Or perhaps fruitfulness: healthy children with fat cheeks and good grades; ministry work that reaches into the local community, or activist work that fights injustice and brings hope to the poor.  There will be rich friendships that provide laughter and comfort and likemindedness. After all, God is good, and I’ve been faithful, and I’ve put in time and effort and patience-- but mostly, God is good! Isn’t he?
What happens when reality doesn’t meet the expectations we had? How do we respond to the chasm between the expectations we had and the reality we find ourselves living? How we make sense of it? One response is often self-loathing, which masquerades as humility, and can be justified by a seemingly righteous focus on our creatureliness and depravity. We conclude that our expectations and hopes and dreams were the problem, that to desire such things is a sinful act of pride or selfishness. After all, aren’t I a mere sinner, a worm before God, of the dust, and isn’t my heart deceitful above all else and desperately wicked?
Or, we just try harder, striving: what is the next thing I can do to accomplish this desired good? To bring about this end? to resolve this brokenness? And we fight and we work and we strive. . . and we’re just weary and depleted and still so utterly unsatisfied. And maybe feel guilty about that weariness and depletion.
And at the end-- when the striving fails, and the chasm between expectations and reality is still there. . . What do we take refuge in? Where do we go with our pain and our sorrow? Perhaps we choose self pity: We comfort ourselves with a sense of our own victimhood, and pour compassion inward upon ourselves. If God loves me, why does he give to others, to her, and not to me? Or, bitterness: God is to blame; he has created this injustice because he is against me, he just doesn’t care like he says he does. Maybe you keep an account of each disappointment, each loss, each short-coming in your life as a mark against God’s goodness. Didn’t he promise good for me? Doesn’t he say that children are a blessing from him? Didn’t he say he would care for me? Other refuges may be cynicism and mockery: towards others or the desires themselves in order to feel just a bit better. Or perhaps we just choose withdrawal: you just hold back your heart. . . I’ll obey God, because he’s God and I know I’m supposed to, but I’ll never trust him with my heart again. I’ll keep it locked up here, and I’ll just choose not to desire any more.
But the truth is that God is good, and he does good, even in our unmet desires. These desires didn’t originate in our families or cultures, but in our souls at his loving act of creation. Made in the image of a relational, Trinitarian God, we are designed for relationships and for community. The Father, Son, and Holy Spirit exist in eternal, generative, life-giving love, and we are like them, longing also to create, to produce, to work and to delight in fruitfulness.
So, why is it all so broken and awful? We broke from this relationship and sought knowledge independently of a relationship with him. The image of God in us was marred, and so now, those desires are still there, reflecting that image, but they are distorted, and we seek them as idolatrous substitutes for God himself, or they are subject to futility, and we hunger and thirst without being filled.
So here we are: with powerful but misdirected or unfulfilled desires and expectations, and a fallen reality that doesn’t match up. How do we respond to our own pain, to the grief of others? What refuge is there for our pain? How does the love of God meet us in our anger or despair, and how do we become vessels of that love to one another? Is there actually any hope?
One of the signs of hope, that God is good and loves us is that he gives us stories. Today, we’re going to consider the story of Naomi and Ruth as well as our own stories in search of answers to these questions. I’m going to tell a bit of Ruth and Naomi’s story, and then you’ll hear from some of the women in our church how these stories have played out similarly in their lives. We’re looking at the book of Ruth, but we’re going to back up a bit. What are the expectations that shaped Naomi’s view of the world?
Once upon a time, when the judges ruled in the land of Israel, a little girl was born in Bethlehem, in the “house of bread.” Of all the nations on the face of the earth, the Israelites were God’s chosen people, and one day, a child was born in the land of plenty that God had promised. Her parents named her Naomi, which means “pleasant,” and she grew up as part of the fulfillment of the covenant blessing. 
God had said to her forefather, Abraham, “I will surely bless you, and I will surely multiply your offspring as the stars of heaven and as the sand that is on the seashore. . . in your offspring shall all the nations of the earth be blessed, because you have obeyed my voice.”[1] Israelite parents were called by God to tell these stories to their children, shaping their identity as chosen people, loved by God, brought to a land of blessing, and preferred by him above all others. What a sense of divine security and personal identity this must have cultivated in young Naomi!
            And, as she grew into young womanhood, the promises seemed fulfilled and burgeoning. She married Elimelech, a fellow Israelite, and the Lord gave them two sons. In her culture, these were the marks of achievement of a woman, signs of the Lord’s favor. The birth of not one, but two sons, surely secured a name for their family and care for her in her old age, like a 401K and the promise of heaven all rolled into one. Truly, her life was pleasant.
            But, slowly and perhaps imperceptibly at first, a bitter reality crept in, marring Naomi’s pleasant expectations. Droughts or plague struck, and there was famine in the land. Bethlehem, the “house of bread” had forsaken them. The land the Lord had given, flowing with milk and honey, was dried up and bitter, leaving them empty, hungry, desolate. The land had abandoned them, and so, it seemed that God had, too.
In turn, Naomi and Elimelech leave the land that God had placed them in and set out for Moab, perhaps with a courageous hope to be able to feed their precious boys. They are, however, Israelites, and God had said they should dwell in the land he was giving them. Their whole identity is national, bound to the community, bound to the land, bound in practices and laws that no other nation in the world practiced. Hunger drove them toward cultural and spiritual isolation, refugees fleeing the home and people they had known. But at least they would find a way to provide for their two boys, promises of a better future and blessing to come. And they had each other.
You can imagine the blow, then, when Elimelech died. Naomi faces the difficulty of being a widow and a single mother in a land without help from her family, or his family. How could she support herself? How could she feed the boys? How could she raise them in the faith of their fathers when their father was dead?
But life goes on, and the boys, Mahlon and Chilion, grew up and married Moabite women, Orpah and Ruth. Sure, these women were from outside of Israel and likely not the most promising of in-laws, but grandchildren would make up for that, and oh, what the future might hold!
But the years went by, and the months. And month after month, Ruth and Orpah realized yet again that there was no pregnancy, that four more weeks of stressful waiting, of deflecting painful questions, of wondering what was wrong, loomed ahead of them. Perhaps Naomi taught them the story of Sarai, of the promised child Isaac who came in her old age. Perhaps they clung to this hope, perhaps hope slipped away a bit more each day, each month, each year. For ten years.
And, at the end of this ten years, both Mahlon and Chilion died, childless. The author of Ruth tells us that “the woman was left without her two sons and her husband.” Her providers, her calling, her security, her identity, her home. . . “the woman was left without.” The husband with whom she had found a life, the sons in whom she had hoped a future, and the land in which they had hoped to find a refuge, all become places of death and desolation. How can she, a child of Israel, a daughter of the Covenant, respond in this? “the woman was left without.”
Naomi does respond, and her response is a complicated muddle of truth and untruth; She is human in her ambiguity. Naomi’s response includes steadfast love and honest lament, and it also resounds with bitterness and despair. It is against this backdrop of bitter loss that we first see Naomi act and hear her speak. Word had spread even as far as Moab that the Lord had visited Israel and given them food. She rises in the midst of death and walks forward, somehow clinging to hope in the midst of such loss. What’s more, she doesn’t go alone, but her two daughters-in-law go with her. And so, we get another glimpse into her character. Something about this woman is so compelling that Ruth and Orpah set out with her, leaving their own land, their own parents, and the only lives they’ve ever known to attach themselves to Naomi, who, as a wandering widow, can provide no protection or care for them. Perhaps it is her hope that draws them, her orientation towards a home and a God who cares.
But Naomi will not let them sacrifice themselves for her, however much their company might be a comfort to her. Her first words in the story reveal her great love and thoughtfulness for others, even in her own despair. She turns to Ruth and Orpah, and beseeches them, “Go, return each of you to her mother’s house. May the Lord deal kindly with you, as you have dealt with the dead and me.” In a life that feels like a curse, she turns and blesses these women. The phrase “deal kindly” is actually a Hebrew word, hesed. Unpacking this word reveals the full weight of Naomi’s blessing. Hesed is often translated “steadfast love,”[2] and it carries a range of meanings including kindness, love, loyalty, devotion, favor, and mercy. It implies not just an emotion, but practical action for the good of the other, and, most importantly, it is a love that endures across time and circumstances. Naomi’s blessing calls for God’s hesed love, but it also a tiny reflection of that steadfast love, for she seeks their good at cost of her own.
She calls down God’s blessing on them, but she also recounts the loss and suffering in her life in order to persuade Ruth and Orpah to leave her. She has nothing to offer them, no sons for them to remarry and no hope of ever providing such a redemption for them. Naomi may plod forward, toward Israel, but she will not bring these young women with her into a life that seems like death. She may offer blessing and hesed love for them, but for herself, she offers up only lament, telling them that the hand of the Lord has gone out against her. She knows this hand can hold out offer steadfast love and kindness, but God has only offered her desolation, death, and bitterness. She sends them back, pained that her circumstances might cause them bitterness. It seems too much to bear, and too terrible to speak, but Naomi’s honest lament speaks forth her pain honestly, and it is no sin. In response, Orpah and Ruth don’t scold Naomi. They don’t tell her to keep her chin up, to hang in there. They don’t “give her space” to justify their own discomfort with having to see and bear her pain. They don’t promise her that all shall be well, or try to convince her that God is good. They simply lift up their voices and weep with her. Naomi sends hesed love toward them, and they enter into lament with her.
After grieving with Naomi, Orpah turns to go, obedient to Naomi. But Ruth clings to Naomi, and will not go. Perhaps out of desperation, Naomi’s loving dismissal becomes instead a curse, and she urges Ruth to go with Orpah, back to her family and to her gods. She lashes out in her pain, angrily rejecting Ruth at cost of Ruth’s own salvation and relationship with God, pushing Ruth toward paganism if only away from herself.
Though Naomi’s lament is in many ways a truthful, God-oriented response to suffering, it is also mingled with distortion and false vision. She sees her own pain and loss as more isolating and defining than it is, turning toward self-loathing and rejection of her own identity. As she enters Bethlehem, returning home after ten years, but in emptiness, disappointment, and perhaps shame, she demands a different name from those who addressed her: “Do not call me Naomi,” she says, “ call me Mara, for the Almighty has dealt very bitterly with me.” She demands to be defined and named by her bitterness and sorrow, and her demand echoes with anger against God. Naomi casts him as an enemy, and she cries out in the public gate “Why call me Naomi, when the Lord has testified against me and the Almighty has brought calamity upon me?” To support her case against God, she revises her own story. She who had left Israel seeking food now cries out, “I went away full, and the Lord has brought me back empty.”
Death and loss have sent her home a widow with no security and no future. Her human response reveals both truth and distortion; she offers up steadfast love for Ruth and Orpah and honest lament toward God, but she also sinks into bitterness and despair. The chasm between her expectations of a pleasant life and the bitterness of her reality yawned wide. The particulars of our own expectations may be different from Naomi’s, and the bitterness of our experience may vary as well, but we all know the pain of that chasm.



[1] Genesis 22: 17- 18
[2] http://www.cslewisinstitute.org/webfm_send/430


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